胶粘带抗刺穿性能测试装置的研制及测试方法的研究

陈维斌^1,2，沈  雁³

（1.美信新材料股份有限公司，广东深圳  518053；2.广东省高性能特种粘接材料工程技术研究中心，广东深圳 518053；3.上海橡胶制品研究所有限公司，上海  201702）

【摘 要】研制了一套适用于胶粘带抗刺穿性能的测试装置和测试方法，对不同基材和厚度的胶粘带进行了测试研究。观察刺穿测试过程中刺穿力的变化，讨论了刺穿速率和刺锥头粗糙度对刺穿性能的影响，并对测试方法的稳定性和一致性进行了分析。研究结果表明：抗刺穿测试过程中刺穿负荷和形变与刺穿时间呈线性关系；随着刺穿速率的增加，刺穿力呈现下降的趋势，刺穿力的测试数据波动性增大；一般测试方法中，采用50 mm/min为默认的刺穿速率；刺锥头粗糙度增加使得刺穿力降低，粗糙度控制在0.8 μm以下对刺穿力的影响可忽略不计；不同测试实验室间的测试结果重现性较好。另外，由于所研制的测试方法准确度和精度较高，可适用于不同基材制成的胶粘带的抗刺穿性能的测定。测试方法所使用的设备和治具简单，投资成本低，使用方便，能够在胶粘带厂家中推广应用，未来也可以在一些胶粘带的产品标准中予以引用。

【关键词】胶粘带；刺穿；刺穿力；测试装置；测试方法

有机硅导电胶粘剂的性能研究

王书奇¹，邹  华¹，张继阳²，刘  威¹

（1.北京化工大学材料科学与工程学院，北京  100029；2.北京北化新橡特种材料科技股份有限公司，北京  100029）

【摘  要】选用二维片状银粉、纳米一维球状银粉复配用作导电填料，制备了一种单组分加成型有机硅导电胶粘剂。通过电学测试、扫描电镜（SEM）、拉伸剪切测试、流变测试等方法，对其体积电阻率、微观形貌、拉伸剪切强度、固化特性和表观黏度等进行分析。研究结果表明：选用多维导电填料复配制备的导电胶可以良好固化，二维片状银粉占比的增大使得导电胶的弹性模量有小幅上升，均稳定在10⁶~10⁷Pa之间，使导电胶具备基本的力学强度；随着二维片状银粉占比增大，一维球状银粉占比减少，有机硅导电胶的导电性逐渐增强，然而粘接性逐渐变差，通过调整银片与银球的比例可实现二者的平衡，为有机硅导电胶的性能优化提供了一种可行性方法；导电胶的表观黏度随二维片状银粉占比的增大而升高，多维导电填料并用便于调控导电胶的黏度，结合温度调控，可有效调控导电胶的黏度，实现更大范围的工艺应用。

【关键词】有机硅导电胶；体积电阻率；拉伸剪切强度；表观黏度

四重氢键基水性聚氨酯的制备与表征

邬  烔¹，王传玺¹，郑茹心¹，林伟荣¹，蔡安民¹，龚  赛²，项尚林²

(1.中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司，北京  102209；2.南京工业大学材料科学与工程学院，江苏南京 211816)

【摘  要】以聚醚二元醇、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯（IPDI）、二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)、1,4-丁二醇（BDO）、5-（2-羟乙基）-6-甲基-2-氨基尿嘧啶（HMA）等为原料制备了四重氢键基水性聚氨酯（H-WPU），考察了扩链剂BDO与HMA用量的比例对其性能的影响。研究结果表明：从H-WPU试样的红外曲线发现HMA的特征峰，说明聚氨酯主链中引入了四重氢键基元。通过粒径分析得出四种H-WPU乳液的粒径分布在26 nm左右，四种乳液都具有良好的稳定性，可以室温存储6个月。从薄膜动态力学性能分析可看出，四种H-WPU薄膜的存储模量在玻璃态向橡胶态转变时急速下降，四重氢键含量越高，内部氢键物理交联网络越强，初始存储模量越高。从薄膜热失重发现，HMA单体易于分解，添加量越多，第一段峰值温度（T_max1）越低，但是软段区域分解温度（T_max3）变化趋势相比硬段区域的分解温度（T_max2）幅度不大。拉伸性能测试表明，HMA单体添加量越多，薄膜的力学性能越好。

【关键词】水性聚氨酯；四重氢键；扩链剂；强度

端环氧基聚氨酯增韧改性环氧树脂的制备及性能研究

谭延方，赵海鹏，赵亚奇，冯  巧，史向阳，夏学莲，王宗涛，吴宇婷

（河南城建学院，河南平顶山  467041）

【摘 要】以聚乙二醇（PEG）和异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)反应，合成端异氰酸酯基聚氨酯预聚体（NCO-PUE）。然后与缩水甘油反应制备端环氧基聚氨酯（PU-EP），再用端环氧基聚氨酯增韧改性环氧树脂（形成EP/PU材料）。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪（FT-IR）对PU-EP的结构进行表征，使用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对冲击断面进行分析，通过差示扫描量热仪（DSC）曲线探讨EP/PU材料的热性能，并研究其力学性能。研究结果表明：随着PU-EP加入量的增多，EP/PU材料的拉伸强度降低，断裂伸长率增大，冲击强度逐渐增大，剪切强度先增大后减小；当加入量为50份时，EP/PU材料的综合性能最佳。在PU-EP含量为10~100份范围内，EP/PU材料的玻璃化转变温度随着PU-EP含量增多而降低，且降低幅度与PU-EP含量变化呈线性关系。PU-EP分子链的长度对EP材料的性能影响很大，其中拉伸强度随着PU-EP分子链的增长而逐渐降低，断裂伸长率先增大后减小，粘接剪切强度（钢-钢）先增大后减小，而冲击强度随分子链长度的增大而持续增大。

【关键词】端环氧基聚氨酯；增韧改性；环氧树脂

矿物掺合料对瓷砖胶浸水性能的影响

范敦城，赵  伦，严兴李，王文萍，王宏斌，赵明慧

（东方雨虹砂粉科技集团有限公司，北京  101300）

【摘 要】为提高瓷砖胶的浸水性能，本文研究了矿渣粉、偏高岭土两种矿物掺合料单掺与复掺对瓷砖胶浸水后拉伸粘接强度、吸水量及粘接层浸湿面积的影响规律，揭示了矿物掺合料在瓷砖胶中的作用机制。研究结果表明：当矿渣粉或偏高岭土单掺时，随着矿物掺合料掺量的增加，瓷砖胶浸水后的拉伸粘接强度逐渐增大，且偏高岭土对瓷砖胶浸水后的拉伸粘接强度的提升作用要优于矿渣粉。矿渣粉、偏高岭土单掺与复掺均显著提高了瓷砖胶浸水后的拉伸粘接强度，其中矿渣粉与偏高岭土以质量比1∶1（质量分数为6%）复掺时，瓷砖胶浸水后粘接强度达到最大值，为1.65 MPa。矿物掺合料单掺或复掺均可降低瓷砖胶的吸水量与粘接层浸湿面积，减缓水向瓷砖胶内部的渗透，其中复掺比单掺更有利于降低瓷砖胶的吸水量，而对粘接层浸湿面积的影响则取决于复掺时偏高岭土的掺量。物相及显微结构分析发现，掺入矿渣粉与偏高岭土后，阻碍了片状、板状羟钙石在骨料颗粒表面以及瓷砖-瓷砖胶界面的生成与结晶，形成更多C—S—H水化产物与聚合物膜复合结构层，使过渡界面的粘接结构更加密实，从而导致瓷砖胶浸水性能提高。

【关键词】矿渣粉；偏高岭土；瓷砖胶；浸水后拉伸粘接强度；羟钙石

典型橡胶沥青的胶结行为研究

路永春¹，李晓暾¹，张传平²，王仕峰²

(1.甘肃公航旅低碳科技有限公司，甘肃兰州 730099；2.上海交通大学化学化工学院，上海  200240)

【摘 要】橡胶沥青作为胶结剂在抗变形、抗冲击和能量吸收等方面有独特优势，可有效防治道路的低温裂缝和反射裂缝。然而，不同橡胶沥青在道路中的粘接与能量吸收行为仍不清楚。本研究首先制备了再生（熟）胶粉，并通过添加不同含量的胶粉、再生胶粉或SBS，在一定条件下制备了不同的橡胶沥青。研究了胶粉种类、结构、掺量、加工工艺及载荷作用方式对橡胶沥青的常规性能和粘接、能量吸收行为的影响，比较了静态拉拔强度、剪切强度、动态冲击韧性等力学特性以及施工和易性。研究结果表明：胶粉极大地改善了沥青的胶结性能，有效改善道路开裂问题。相同掺量的再生胶粉改性沥青比生胶粉改性沥青的常规性能指标更为合理。再生胶粉比生胶粉更适合进行高掺量改性沥青，其静态粘接性能、抗剪切能力以及动态冲击韧性更好。再生胶粉与SBS复合改性沥青可进一步优化沥青的性能，2.5%掺量SBS与22%掺量再生胶粉复合改性沥青时，具备较好的常规性能及拉拔强度、剪切强度和冲击韧性，更适合用于道路施工。

【关键词】橡胶沥青；拉拔强度；剪切强度；冲击韧性；脆韧转变

复合材料锚杆成型用环氧树脂基体抗静电及力学性能研究

佘永明¹，冯  笑²，肖  杰²，张旭锋^2,3

（1.中国神华能源股份有限公司神东煤炭分公司，陕西榆林  719300；2.山东奥卓新材料有限公司，山东滕州 277500；3.北京理工大学材料学院，北京  100081）

【摘 要】通过在树脂基体中分别加入抗静电剂（导电炭黑、导电炭纤维），开发出复合材料锚杆成型用抗静电树脂基体，制备了抗静电及力学性能优异的树脂。研究了不同用量的抗静电剂对树脂浇铸体的表面电阻和力学性能的影响。研究结果表明：当加入炭黑≥1.0份时，表面电阻满足矿用锚杆要求（表面电阻≤3×10⁸ Ω），树脂浇铸体的拉伸强度＞57 MPa，冲击强度≥28 kJ/m²；当加入炭纤维≥1.0份时，表面电阻满足矿用锚杆要求，树脂浇铸体的拉伸强度＞60 MPa，冲击强度≥24 kJ/m²，有较高的力学性能。以炭纤维1.0份配方为研究对象，采用差示扫描量热法和极值法研究了树脂固化反应动力学，固化反应活化能为65.8 kJ/mol。该树脂适用于拉挤成型，可应用于矿用锚杆的制备，制得的锚杆可实现长久性抗静电。

【关键词】环氧树脂；抗静电；表面电阻；活化能

封闭型异氰酸酯固化剂的合成及应用

张余利，夏  英，杨博翔，张 李，刘志伟，刘灵芝，王书唯

（大连工业大学纺织与材料工程学院，辽宁大连  116034）

【摘  要】采用甲乙酮肟（MEKO）为封闭剂，与三苯基甲烷三异氰酸酯（TTI）反应，制备了封闭型三苯基甲烷三异氰酸酯（B-TTI）。探究了不同温度和不同时间下MEKO和TTI的反应程度。研究结果表明：50 ℃下MEKO与TTI的反应速率较快，封闭完成后体系内游离异氰酸根的含量降至0.05%以下，反应时间为4 h及以上时，产物储存性能较好；确定了解封温度为120℃左右，解封后会伴随着自聚反应的发生，解封后的产物可以与TTI进行快速固化反应；制备的B-TTI作为固化剂加入到TTI中，当m（B-TTI）：m（TTI）=2∶10时，粘接效果较好，粘接强度可达4.76 MPa。

【关键词】三苯基甲烷三异氰酸酯；甲乙酮肟；封闭型；固化剂

聚合物基水凝胶的研究进展及应用研究

张金玉¹，曲德智²，王舒羽¹，白永平³

（1.广西科技大学生物与化学工程学院，广西  柳州    545006；2.广西科技大学广西糖资源绿色加工重点实验室，广西  柳州    545006；3.哈尔滨工业大学化工与化学学院，黑龙江  哈尔滨    150001）

【摘    要】聚合物基水凝胶作为一种高分子材料，拥有生物相容性、化学稳定性以及可调性等特性，能够广泛应用于医学、环境、能源等领域。本文主要涉及四种常见的高分子水凝胶，即聚丙烯酸水凝胶、聚乙烯醇水凝胶、聚氧乙烯水凝胶和聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶。通过文献综述和试验数据分析，总结了这四种水凝胶的制备方法、性能参数和应用范围。其中，聚丙烯酸水凝胶是最常用的一种，具有渗透性好、可生物降解等优点，在医学和卫生领域广泛应用；聚乙烯醇水凝胶则主要用于环境领域的水处理，具有良好的吸附性和可重复使用性能；聚氧乙烯水凝胶常用于药物控释和人工关节的缓冲材料；而聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶则被认为是一种具有广泛应用前景的新型材料。综上，高分子水凝胶作为一种重要的新型材料，在医学、环境、能源等领域具有广泛的应用前景，但同时也面临着许多挑战。对于未来研究的方向和重点，仍需要不断地深入研究和探索。

【关键词】聚合物基水凝胶；制备方法；吸附；传感器；生物医药；组织工程

木材摩擦焊接技术的探究与进展

张  剑，宓文涛，朱  海

（东北林业大学机电工程学院，黑龙江 哈尔滨  150040）

【摘  要】“双碳”战略背景下，木材作为天然的负碳材料，绿色且低碳，被视为替代塑料、钢材等高碳排放材料的最佳选择之一。木材焊接过程中不排放有毒物质、加工高效，是一种环境友好型工艺技术，因此在“双碳”战略下具有重要意义。本文简要介绍了木材摩擦焊接的发展以及现阶段的应用现状，总结了焊接效果影响因素及优化方法，对焊接机理进行了分析，并对木材摩擦焊接的发展趋势进行展望。

【关键词】木材摩擦焊接；焊接效果；焊接机理；工艺参数

The influence of mineral admixtures on water immersion performance of ceramic tile adhesive

Fan Duncheng, Zhao Lun, Yan Xingli, Wang Wenping, Wang Hongbin, Zhao Minghui

(Oriental Yuhong Mortar & Powder Technology Group Co., Ltd., Beijing101300, China)

【Abstract】In order to improve water immersion performance of ceramic tile adhesive, the effects of single and compound addition of two mineral admixtures such as slag powder and metakaolin on the tensile bonding strength, water absorption, wetted area of interlayer of ceramic tile adhesive after water immersion were studied, and the action mechanism of mineral admixtures in ceramic tile adhesive was revealed. The research results showed that when slag powder or metakaolin was added alone, with the increase of mineral admixture content, the tensile bonding strength of ceramic tile adhesive after water immersion gradually increased, and the improvement effect of metakaolin on the tensile bonding strength of ceramic tile adhesive after water immersion was better than that of slag powder. Slag powder and metakaolin added alone and in combination significantly improved the tensile bonding strength of ceramic tile adhesive after water immersion. When slag powder and metakaolin were mixed in the mass ratio of 1:1 (mass fraction of 6%), the bonding strength of ceramic tile adhesive after water immersion reached the maximum value as 1.65 MPa. Single or compound addition of mineral admixtures could reduce the water absorption of ceramic tile adhesive and the wetted area of the bonding layer, slowing down the penetration of water into the interior of ceramic tile adhesive. Among them, compound addition was more conducive to reducing the water absorption of ceramic tile adhesive than single addition, and the impact on the wetted area of the bonding layer depended on the addition amount of metakaolin during the compound addition. Analysis of phase and microstructure revealed that the addition of slag powder and metakaolin hindered the formation and crystallization of flake and plate-like portlandite on the surface of aggregate particles and at the interface between ceramic tile adhesive, forming more C-S-H hydration products and polymer film composite structural layers, making the bonding structure of the transition interface more dense, thereby improving the water immersion performance of ceramic tile adhesive.

【Keywords】slag powder; metakaolin; ceramic tile adhesive; tensile bonding strength after water immersion; portlandite

Study on the binding behavior of typical rubber asphalt

Lu Yongchun¹,Li Xiaotun¹, Zhang Chuanping², Wang Shifeng²

(1.Gansu HATG Low Carbon Technology Co., Ltd., Lanzhou 730099, Gansu, China; 2.School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai  200240, China)

【Abstract】As a binding agent, rubber asphalt has unique advantages in deformation resistance, impact resistance and energy absorption, which can effectively prevent and control low-temperature cracks and reflective cracks in road. However, the bonding and energy absorption behavior of different rubber asphalt in road is still unclear. In this study, recycled (mature) rubber powder was first prepared, and different rubber asphalt was prepared under certain conditions by adding different contents of rubber powder, recycled rubber powder or SBS. The effects of rubber powder type, structure, content, processing technology and loading mode on the conventional properties, bonding and energy absorption behavior of rubber asphalt were studied. The mechanical properties of static pullout strength, shear strength, dynamic impact toughness and construction workability were compared. The research results showed thatrubber powder greatly improved the binding performance of asphalt and effectively improved the problem of road cracking.The conventional performance indicators of recycled rubber powder modified asphalt with the same dosage were more reasonable than those of raw rubber powder modified asphalt. Recycled rubber powder was more suitable for high content of modified asphalt than raw rubber powder, and its static bonding performance, shear resistance, and dynamic impact toughness were better.Recycled rubber powder and SBS composite modified asphalt could further optimize the performance of asphalt. When asphalt was modified by 2.5% addition of SBS and 22% addition of recycled rubber powder, it had good conventional performance, as well as pullout strength, shear strength, and impact toughness, making it more suitable for road construction.

【Keywords】rubber asphalt; pullout strength; shear strength; impact toughness; brittle-ductile transition

Study on antistatic and mechanical properties of epoxy resin matrix for composite anchor bolt molding

She Yongming¹, Feng Xiao², Xiao Jie², Zhang Xufeng^2,3

(1. China Shenhua Energy Co., Ltd. Shendong Coal Branch, Yulin  719300, Shaanxi, China; 2. Shandong AOZO New Materials Co., Ltd., Tengzhou  277500, Shandong, China; 3.School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing  100081, China)

【Abstract】By adding antistatic agents (conductive carbon black and conductive carbon fiber) to the resin matrix, an antistatic resin matrix for composite anchor bolt molding was developed, and the resin with excellent antistatic and mechanical properties was prepared. The effect of different amounts of antistatic agents on the surface resistance and mechanical properties of resin casting was studied. The research results showed that when adding carbon black ≥ 1.0 parts, the surface resistance met the requirement for mining anchor bolt (surface resistance ≤ 3×10⁸Ω), the tensile strength of resin casting body >57 MPa, and the impact strength ≥ 28 kJ/m². When adding carbon fiber ≥1.0 parts, the surface resistance met the requirement for mining anchor bolt, the tensile strength of resin casting body > 60 MPa, and the impact strength ≥ 24 kJ/m², indicating high mechanical properties. With the 1.0 part formulation of carbon fiber as the research object, the kinetics of resin curing reaction was studied by using differential scanning calorimetry and extreme value method, and the activation energy of curing reaction was 65.8 kJ/mol. This resin was suitable for pultrusion processing and could be applied to the preparation of mining anchor bolt, and the prepared anchor bolt could achieve long-term antistatic properties.

【Keywords】epoxy resin; antistatic; surface resistance; activation energy

Synthesis and application of blocked isocyanate curing agent

Zhang Yuli, Xia Ying, Yang Boxiang, Zhang Li, Liu Zhiwei, Liu Lingzhi, Wang Shuwei

(School of Textile and Material Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China)

【Abstract】The blocked triphenylmethane triisocyanate (B-TTI) was prepared by reacting with triphenylmethane triisocyanate (TTI) using methyl ethyl ketoxime (MEKO) as blocking agent. The degree of reaction between MEKO and TTI at different temperatures and different time was explored. The research results showed that at 50 ℃, the reaction rate between MEKO and TTI was relatively fast. After the blocking was completed, the content of free isocyanates in the system decreased to below 0.05%. When the reaction time was 4 hours or more, the storage performance of the product was good. It was confirmed that the unblocking temperature was around 120 ℃, self-polymerization reaction would occur after unblocking, and the products after unblocking could undergo rapid curing reaction with TTI.The prepared B-TTI was added as the curing agent to TTI, when m(B-TTI):m(TTI)=2:10, the bonding effect was good, and the bonding strength could reach 4.76 MPa.

【Keywords】triphenylmethane triisocyanate; methyl ethyl ketoxime; blocked; curing agent

Research progress and application of polymer-based hydrogels

Zhang Jinyu¹, Qu Dezhi², Wang Shuyu¹, Bai Yongping³

(1.College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545006, Guangxi, China; 2.Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou   545006, Guangxi, China; 3.School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin    150001, Heilongjiang, China)

【Abstract】As a kind of polymer material, polymer-based hydrogels possess properties such as biocompatibility, chemical stability, and adjustability, and can be widely used in medicine, environment, and energy fields. In this paper, four kinds of common polymer-based hydrogels, namely polyacrylic acid hydrogel, polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel, polyoxyethylene hydrogel, and polyacrylamide hydrogel were mainly involved. Through literature review and experimental data analysis, the preparation methods, performance parameters and application scope of these four types of hydrogels were summarized. Among them, polyacrylic acid hydrogel was the most commonly used one, with the advantages of good permeability and biodegradability, which was widely used in medical and health fields. Polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel was mainly used for water treatment in the environmental field, with good adsorption performance and reusability. Polyoxyethylene hydrogel was often used as buffer materials for drug controlled release and artificial joints. Polyacrylamide hydrogel was considered as a new material with wide application prospects. In conclusion, as an important new material, polymer-based hydrogel had a wide range of application prospects in the field of medicine, environment, energy, but also faced many challenges. For the direction and focus of future research, continuous in-depth research and exploration were still needed.

【Keywords】polymer-based hydrogel; preparation method; adsorption; sensor; biomedical; tissue engineering

Research and progress of wood friction welding technology

Zhang Jian, Fu Wentao, Zhu Hai

(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin150040, Heilongjiang, China)

【Abstract】In the context of the “Dual Carbon” strategy, wood, as a naturally carbon-negative, green and low-carbon material, is considered as one of the best alternatives to replace high carbon emitting materials such as plastic and steel. Wood welding process does not emit toxic substances and is efficient in processing, making it an environmentally friendly technology, therefore, it is of great significance under the “Dual Carbon” strategy. In this paper, the development and current application status of wood friction welding were briefly introduced, the influencing factors and optimization methods of welding effect were summarized, the welding mechanism was analyzed, and the development trend of wood friction welding was prospected.

【Keywords】wood friction welding; welding effect; welding mechanism; process parameter